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<TITLE>OSPF bug(s) in XORP-1.5</TITLE>
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<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">I have been running some</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">OSPF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">tests using XORP-1.5 version and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">have seen some unusual OSPF behavior. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">’</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">m using a ring topology with 4 different PC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">’</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">s (kvm</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">/qemu</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> virtual machines</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> running Linux Debian</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> all of them running XORP-1.5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> as follows:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"> </SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Xorp</FONT></B></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">/</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B><FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> \</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> /</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B><FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> \</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> Xorp</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B><FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">1</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B><FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> Xorp</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B><FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">2</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> (Ring Topology, all routers configured in the same OSPF Area)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"> </SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">\ </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> / </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> </B></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">\ </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">/</FONT></B></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> <FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Xorp</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B><FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">3</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B><FONT COLOR="#333399" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><B> </B></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">If I simulate a failure</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> (flap the interface)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> in router Xorp</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">, at first</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Xorp3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> w</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">ill</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">be able to update its routing table properly</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> from the other routers in the network</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">, but once the faulty router recovers, Xorp4 would not be able</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">to update its routing table to the previous state. The same will happen with Xorp.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Furthermore, if I simulate a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">nother failure now in Xorp2, Xorp and Xorp</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">3 will might end with none OSPF routes on its routing tables.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">It seems to me that OSPF is not sending the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">correspondent</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">LSA packet when a failure occurs</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> in the faulty router or that routers are not accepting such update</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Another possibility that it comes to my mind is</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">that</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> XORP doesn</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">’</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">t update it</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> routing table after an OSPF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">unexpected event.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> Here is an output of Xorp3 after simulating a failure in Xorp1 and after Xorp1 recover, another failure in Xorp</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">root@XORP3> show ospf4 neighbor </FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> Address Interface State ID Pri Dead</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">192.168.4.1 eth1/eth1 Full 192.168.2.3 128 30</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">192.168.3.1 eth2/eth2 Full 192.168.1.3 128 39</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">root@XORP3> show route table ipv4 unicast final terse </FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Destination P Prf Metric 1 Next hop </FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">192.168.3.0/24 c 0 0 eth2/eth2</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">192.168.4.0/24 c 0 0 eth1/eth1</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">root@XORP3> show ospf4 database </FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> OSPF link state database, Area 0.0.0.0</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> Type ID Adv Rtr Seq Age Opt Cksum Len</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN><I><SPAN LANG="fr"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Router *192.168.3.2 192.168.3.2 0x8000004d 27 0x2 0x3e22 48</FONT></SPAN></I></P>
<P DIR=LTR><I><SPAN LANG="fr"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Router 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.3 0x8000003c 33 0x2 0x6cf5 36</FONT></SPAN></I></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Network 192.168.3.1 192.168.1.3 0x80000001 33 0x2 0xa4fe 32</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Router 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.2 0x8000000d 515 0x2 0x168f 60</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Network 192.168.2.2 172.16.0.2 0x80000001 515 0x2 0xc838 32</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Router 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.3 0x80000040 28 0x2 0x68f1 36</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Network 192.168.4.1 192.168.2.3 0x80000001 28 0x2 0x9b05 32</FONT></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Also I have noticed that sometimes when issuing the command:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">c</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">lear ospf4 database</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">It might have unwanted effects on</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"> <FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">XORP;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> sometimes it might kill OSPFv2 process</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">. When this has happened, sometimes I can see the following output:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">[ 2008/08/01 15:15:23 WARNING clear_database OSPF ] Attempt to clear database</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">[ 2008/08/01 15:15:23 ERROR clear_database:2655 OSPF +154 clear_database.cc main ] Failed to clear database</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">ERROR: Command "/usr/local/xorp-1.5/ospf/tools/clear_database": exited with exit status 255.</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">root@XORP3> show ospf4 neighbor </FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">[ 2008/08/01 15:16:07 WARNING print_neighbours OSPF ] Attempt to get neighbour list failed</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">[ 2008/08/01 15:16:07 ERROR print_neighbours:2656 OSPF +413 print_neighbours.cc main ] Failed to get neighbour list</FONT></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">ERROR: Command "/usr/local/xorp-1.5/ospf/tools/print_neighbours": exited with exit status 255</FONT></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"><I></I></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Any further information required, please let me know.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Cheers,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Francisco</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN><A NAME=""><SPAN LANG="en-gb"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Courier New">-------------------------</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Courier New">Francisco Rodríguez</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Courier New">Computing Department</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Courier New">InfoLab 21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Courier New">South Drive</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Courier New">Lancaster University</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Courier New">Lancaster LA1 4WA, UK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Courier New">-------------------------</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-gb"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-us"></SPAN></P>
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